Impacto de las variaciones ambientales climatológicas en las larvas de anchoveta Engraulis ringens (Jenyns, 1842) y sardina Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842) usando un modelo de balance energético dinámico
Aplicamos la teoría del Balance Energético Dinámico (DEB) a dos especies de pequeños pelágicos: la anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) y la sardina (Sardinops sagax) del Sistema Norte de la Corriente de Humboldt (NHCS) frente a Perú. El modelo DEB fue forzado por factores ambientales obtenidos de la Clorofila-a Superficial del Mar a partir del satélite MODIS y la Temperatura Superficial del Mar del modelo NOAA-NCDC en el periodo 2003-2014. Se extendió el modelo DEB estándar para comparar la respuesta bioenergética de la anchoveta y la sardina a variaciones ambientales estacionales. Se encontró que: (i) el alimento fue directamente restrictivo sobre la longitud asintótica en ambas especies, mientras que la temperatura afectó la velocidad de los procesos y tasas metabólicas; (ii) las larvas de sardina sobrevivieron más tiempo en condiciones de inanición respecto de las larvas de anchoveta; la temporada de desove influyó de manera directa y significativa (p<0.05) sobre (iii) la longitud y reserva energética en anchovetas y sardinas de un año de edad y sobre (iv) la edad a la metamorfosis en ambas especies. Se observó además que las larvas de anchoveta alcanzaron la metamorfosis en un tiempo menor respecto de las larvas de sardina (p<0.05) en la temporada de desove de invierno-primavera.Se sugiere que el modelo debe ser acoplado con modelos de transportes de larvas para predecir la supervivencia de larvas.
ABSTRACT: We apply the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory to two small pelagic species:
anchovy (Engraulis ringens) and sardine (Sardinops sagax) from the Northern
Humboldt Current System (NHCS) off Peru. The DEB model was forced by
environmental factors obtained Sea Surface Chlorophyll-a from MODIS satellite
and Sea Surface Temperature from NOAA-NCDC model in the period 2003-2014.
We extended the standard DEB model to compare the bioenergetic response of
anchovy and sardine to seasonal environmental variations. We found that: (i) the
food was directly restrictive on the asymptotic length in both species, while the
temperature affected the speed of processes and metabolic rates; (ii) sardine larvae
survived longer under starvation conditions concerning anchovy larvae; the
spawning season influenced directly and significantly (p<0.05) on (iii) the length
and energy reserve in anchovies and sardines a year old and (iv) the age at
metamorphosis in both species. We observed that anchovy larvae reached
metamorphosis in less time with respect to the sardine larvae (p <0.05) in the
spawning season winter-spring. We suggested that the model must be coupled with
larval transport models to predict larval survival.
anchovy (Engraulis ringens) and sardine (Sardinops sagax) from the Northern
Humboldt Current System (NHCS) off Peru. The DEB model was forced by
environmental factors obtained Sea Surface Chlorophyll-a from MODIS satellite
and Sea Surface Temperature from NOAA-NCDC model in the period 2003-2014.
We extended the standard DEB model to compare the bioenergetic response of
anchovy and sardine to seasonal environmental variations. We found that: (i) the
food was directly restrictive on the asymptotic length in both species, while the
temperature affected the speed of processes and metabolic rates; (ii) sardine larvae
survived longer under starvation conditions concerning anchovy larvae; the
spawning season influenced directly and significantly (p<0.05) on (iii) the length
and energy reserve in anchovies and sardines a year old and (iv) the age at
metamorphosis in both species. We observed that anchovy larvae reached
metamorphosis in less time with respect to the sardine larvae (p <0.05) in the
spawning season winter-spring. We suggested that the model must be coupled with
larval transport models to predict larval survival.
Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias del Mar). Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.